Bone Marrow and Cell Therapies

Bone marrow and cell therapies are the orthobiologics most often sold to patients as stem cell treatments, and the gap between that label and what is injected is the central issue.

The group includes bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), adipose-derived preparations and culture-expanded cell therapies. They differ in how the tissue is obtained, how much it is processed, what the final preparation contains and how it is regulated.

This page covers how each is produced, what is realistically in it and what the evidence supports. The UK regulatory framework, including which products become advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), is covered with orthobiologics evidence and regulation.